Bahasa Pemrograman: Pengertian dan Jenis-jenisnya

Bahasa pemrograman merupakan istilah yang tak asing lagi di telinga para programmer pemula. Bahasa ini sangat berperan bagi perkembangan teknologi hingga saat ini.

Seperti berperan dalam pembuatan smartphone, membuat pendingin ruangan bisa mati secara otomatis, serta membantu merancang sebuah robot.

Para programmer yang menggunakan bahasa pemrograman juga berjasa membuat aplikasi-aplikasi yang sekarang tengah anda gunakan, membuat website, dan permainan game, yang tentunya tidak mudah.

Lantas, apakah anda sudah mengetahui rincian lengkap mengenai bahasa pemrograman? Tenang saja, kami akan membahasnya serta menyertakan jenis-jenis bahasa para programmer ini.

Apa Itu Bahasa Pemrograman?

Bahasa pemrograman merupakan serangkaian kode yang berisi sekumpulan perintah atau instruksi kepada komputer untuk menjalankan suatu fungsi.

Yang pada umumnya, fungsi ini berguna untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah dan mempermudah pekerjaan manusia.

Komputer juga memerlukan bahasa untuk berkomunikasi. Nantinya, gabungan beberapa kata dalam bahasa ini akan mempunyai arti, maksud, dan juga simbol tertentu.

Bahasa komputer ini sangat penting ketika anda menjalankan sebuah komputer agar berjalan sesuai keinginan anda.

Karena dengan bahasa ini, anda dapat menentukan data mana yang harus lebih dulu diolah oleh komputer serta langkah-langkah pengolahan yang tepat.

Jenis-jenis Bahasa Pemrograman

Dalam perkembangannya, bahasa ini terbagi menjadi beberapa jenis, yaitu tingkat rendah, menengah, dan tinggi. Tentunya ketika jenis ini memiliki perbedaan yang cukup mencolok, terutama pada penggunaan kodenya.

Bahasa Tingkat Rendah

Bahasa tingkat rendah menggunakan angka 0 dan 1 untuk memberikan instruksi pada komputer. Kode-kode ini nantinya akan langsung diterjemahkan tanpa melewati proses kompilasi.

Bahasa pemrograman tingkat rendah terbagi lagi menjadi bahasa mesin dan rakitan. Bahasa mesin hanya bisa memproses intruksi yang menggunakan angka 0 dan 1.

Membuat program dalam bahasa mesin sangat lah sulit dan potensi kesalahan nya pun besar, karena programmer tidak bisa mengeceknya dalam sekali lihat.

Berikutnya adalah bahasa rakitan, bahasa ini sudah lebih canggih, namun masih termasuk dalam tingkat rendah.

Manusia dapat membaca bahasa ini dan menggunakan nya untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan-pekerjaan sederhana.

Bahasa Tingkat Menengah

Selanjutnya, bahasa tingkat menengah berisi instruksi yang menggunakan kode mnemonic seperti ADB, DIV, dan lainnya.

Karena sistem komputer yang hanya mengerti bahasa mesin, bahasa tingkat menengah ini harus melalui proses penerjemahan dan kompilasi terlebih dahulu.

Bahasa pemrograman tingkat menengah ini menggunakan perintah yang hampir mendekati bahasa manusia, sehingga akan mudah bagi pengguna untuk memahaminya.

Selain itu, kebanyakan juga digunakan untuk membangun sistem operasi, ada juga yang menggunakan nya untuk membuat program yang dapat menjalankan program lainnya.

Beberapa contoh bahasa tingkat menengah seperti c++, c, dan c#.

Bahasa Tingkat Tinggi

Karena teknologi yang semakin berkembang, tugas-tugas yang harus komputer lakukan juga bertambah banyak. Dengan adanya bahasa tingkat tinggi, tugas-tugas tersebut bisa terselesaikan dengan lebih cepat.

Bahasa pemrograman tingkat tinggi memungkinkan penggunanya untuk menuliskan program secara tak terbatas pada sebuah komputer saja. Selain itu, bahasa ini ramah manusia karena penulisan nya menggunakan bahasa Inggris.

Melakukan debugging dan maintenance pada bahasa tingkat tinggi ternyata bukan hal yang susah, hal inilah yang menyebabkan bahasa ini memiliki pengguna yang lumayan banyak.

Namun, anda akan membutuhkan complier untuk mengkonversi bahasa tingkat tinggi ke intruksi yang lebih mudah dimengerti oleh komputer.

Selain itu, bahasa pemrograman tingkat tinggi jauh lebih memakan memori jika kita bandingkan dengan bahasa tingkat rendah.

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